Journal of Marine Biology and Aquaculture
نویسندگان
چکیده
Heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments is a critical environmental concern, as the metals can accumulate in aquatic organisms and humans via the food chain, creating a risk to human health. Among the metals, Pb is one of the most toxic to aquatic organisms[1]. Pb is a naturally occurring substance, released as a consequence of geological weathering and volcanic activity, however, high concentration Pb in aquatic environments are caused by anthropogenic activity such as the manufacture of batteries, cement, and paint. The toxic effects of Pb observed in aquatic animals include numbness, lord oscoliosis, muscular atrophy, caudal fin degeneration, and loss of equilibrium[1] . The Pb exposure in aquatic animals induces non-specific toxicity that affects various physiological systems[2]. Symptoms of Pb toxicity include cognitive dysfunction, neurological damage, calcium homeostasis alterations, and oxidative damage, as well as muscular atrophy, black tail, fin degeneration, and hyperactivity[1]. Pb toxicity can also induce stress in exposed animals, and cortisol and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) are considered sensitive and reliable indicators of this stress response. 1West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 22383, Korea 2Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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